1 Kings 18:45

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass in the mean while, that the heaven was black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. And Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֣י׀ H1961
וַיְהִ֣י׀
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 16
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 2 of 16
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
כֹּ֗ה And it came to pass in the mean while H3541
כֹּ֗ה And it came to pass in the mean while
Strong's: H3541
Word #: 3 of 16
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
וְעַד H5704
וְעַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 4 of 16
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
כֹּ֗ה And it came to pass in the mean while H3541
כֹּ֗ה And it came to pass in the mean while
Strong's: H3541
Word #: 5 of 16
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
וְהַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ that the heaven H8064
וְהַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ that the heaven
Strong's: H8064
Word #: 6 of 16
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
הִֽתְקַדְּרוּ֙ was black H6937
הִֽתְקַדְּרוּ֙ was black
Strong's: H6937
Word #: 7 of 16
to be ashy, i.e., dark-colored; by implication, to mourn (in sackcloth or sordid garments)
עָבִ֣ים with clouds H5645
עָבִ֣ים with clouds
Strong's: H5645
Word #: 8 of 16
properly, an envelope, i.e., darkness (or density, 2 chronicles 4:17); specifically, a (scud) cloud; also a copse
וְר֔וּחַ and wind H7307
וְר֔וּחַ and wind
Strong's: H7307
Word #: 9 of 16
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
וַיְהִ֖י H1961
וַיְהִ֖י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 10 of 16
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
גֶּ֣שֶׁם rain H1653
גֶּ֣שֶׁם rain
Strong's: H1653
Word #: 11 of 16
a shower
גָּד֑וֹל and there was a great H1419
גָּד֑וֹל and there was a great
Strong's: H1419
Word #: 12 of 16
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
וַיִּרְכַּ֥ב rode H7392
וַיִּרְכַּ֥ב rode
Strong's: H7392
Word #: 13 of 16
to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle); causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to despatch
אַחְאָ֖ב And Ahab H256
אַחְאָ֖ב And Ahab
Strong's: H256
Word #: 14 of 16
achab, the name of a king of israel and of a prophet at babylon
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ H1980
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 15 of 16
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
יִזְרְעֶֽאלָה׃ to Jezreel H3157
יִזְרְעֶֽאלָה׃ to Jezreel
Strong's: H3157
Word #: 16 of 16
jizreel, the name of two places in palestine and of two israelites

Analysis & Commentary

And it came to pass in the mean while, that the heaven was black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. And Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of elijah and the prophets of baal, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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